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54 Formation of Stars
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The origin of the stars is the heart of cosmology. Stars are the energy suppliers of the solar systems and, according to the big bang theory, the only sources in which the heavy elements in the universe (metals) could have developed. However, in spite of continuing affirmations from many cosmologists, the origin of the stars is still unsolved.
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Solar System |
Stars are glowing balls of gas consisting primarily of hydrogen held together by their own gravitational force. Allegedly, they developed as a result of minor irregularities in the expanding hydrogen following the big bang. The problem is that any accumulation of gases results in the production of heat. Heat causes increased internal pressure and this stops the accumulation.
After this accumulation has come to a standstill, the force of gravity and pressure would have initially been imbalanced. Accumulation could continue only after the hydrogen would have cooled down. However, one single cooling phase would requireup to 40 billion years, while the universe is allegedly only 15 to 20 billion years old.
Exceptions:
In gas clouds, up to approx. 10 times heavier than the sun, such development could progress at a much higher rate. Since its gravitational force would be considerably higher, the high temperatures would develop much more quickly. After only one million years, they would have used up the hydrogen and become red giants. After all further possible nuclear reactions have been completed, a gigantic explosion would take place resulting in a Supernova. The external part of the star would be blown out into space and the inner part would become a neutron star (1).
If the gas cloud were heavier than 10 times the sun, the red giant phase could already be reached after approx. one million years resulting in an even greater catastrophe: When the core collapses, the field of gravity would become so large that even the neutrons in the individual atoms would collapse. It is assumed that the star would then become a so-called black hole (2).
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References:
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| (1) |
Alex Williams, John Hartnett, Dismantling the Big Bang, Master Books, 2006, P 140142. |
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A.K. Kembhavi und J.V. Narlikar, Quasars and active Galactic Nuclei, Cambridge NY: Cambridge University Press, 1999, P. 101103. | |
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(Image "The Sun") http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun
(Image "Solar System") http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System |
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